There are two possible ways to track retainage (retention) that you owe to your subcontractors; one method utilizes a Sub-Account of Accounts Payable, called Retainage Payable, and the other method utilizes an Other Liability Account, called Retainage Due to Subcontractors. Please review the setup and use of both methods, and choose whichever one seems more appropriate for your use.
You will need to inform your accountant of this at year end, so he or she, may make the necessary Journal Entries.
Method 1: Retainage as an Accounts Payable Sub-Account
Accountants tend to really like this method, but, it is a two-part process for the person actually doing the billing, which means that it’s error prone, simply due to normal day-to-day distractions.
From the Lists menu, choose Chart of Accounts
- From the Chart of Accounts window, click the Accounts button (lower left), and choose New
- Choose Accounts Payable as the Account type
- Enter an Account Number
- In the Name Box, enter Retainage/Retention Payable
- Click on the Subaccount of box, and choose Accounts Payable
- In the Description box, enter Retainage/Retention Payable on Contracts
- Click OK
Deducting Retainage/Retention Payable on a Vendor/Subcontractor Bill
If you have created a Purchase Order for this subcontractor and are now receiving his first progress billing, choose Vendors, and Receive Items with Bill, and if you have not created a Purchase Order, simply choose Enter Bill.
Select the Subcontractor from the drop down list; change the date, enter a Reference Number, the total amount of the bill, select terms, due date, and enter a memo if applicable – select either the Expenses or Item tab, and pull in the appropriate Item Code or Expense account associated with the vendor bill, and select the Customer: job. In the next blank line, again, pull in either the Item Code or Expense Account, enter the retention as a negative amount, in the memo field type in less retainage held, choose the Customer: job from the dropdown list.
Sample 1 below shows a sample bill created from a Purchase Order using the Item tab:
Sample 2 below shows a sample bill created using Enter Bills and the Expenses tab:
Recording Retainage Payable
Select Enter Bills; change A/P Account from Accounts Payable to Retainage/Retention Payable. Select your subcontractor; enter date of original subcontractor invoice, in the Ref. No., input the invoice number followed by, –R to indicate Retainage/Retention, enter amount due, change your terms to reflect when you will pay the retainage, select either the Item Code or the Expense account, and select the job.
Sample 1 shows a bill for retainage entered using the Items tab:
Sample 2 shows a bill for retainage entered using the Expenses tab:
Method 2: Retainage Payable as an Other Liability Account
This is a simple one-step process for the person actually doing the billing, and at the end of the year, the accountant will need to do a Journal entry to move the dollars for tax return purposes.
From the Lists menu, choose Chart of Accounts
- From the Chart of Accounts window, click the Accounts button (lower left), and choose New
- Choose Other Liability as the Account type
- Enter an Account Number
- In the Name Box, enter Subcontractor Retainage/Retention Payable
- In the Description box, enter Retainage Payable on Contracts
- Click OK
Setting up Items to Deduct Retainage Payable
- From the Lists menu, choose Item List
- From within the items List window, click the Item button (lower left), choose New
- In Type box, select Other Charge
- In the Item Name/Number box, type in 92 Less Sub Ret
- In the Description box, type in Less Subcontractor Retainage/Retention
- In the rate box, leave the amount set to 0 (you cannot use percentages in the detail of the bill) in the
- Account box, select the account used for Retainage Payable on Contracts
- Click OK to create the new item
NOTE: If you have different flat rates of retainage (retention) that you use, a separate item can be created for each of them using the rate in the Item Name|Number.
Deducting Retainage Payable on a Vendor/Subcontractor Bill
If you have created a Purchase Order for this subcontractor and are now receiving his first progress billing, choose Vendors and Receive Items with Bill, and if you have not created a Purchase Order, simply choose Enter Bill.
Select the Subcontractor from the drop down list; change the date, enter a Reference Number, the total amount of the bill, select terms, due date, and enter a memo if applicable – select either the Expenses or Item tab, and pull in the appropriate Item Code or Expense account associated with the vendor bill, and select the Customer: job.
Sample 1 shows a deduction for retainage using the Items tab:
Sample 2 shows a deduction for retainage using the Expenses tab:
While this is a much more simple process than Method 1, it will not reduce total expenses or Cost of Goods Sold, on a Profit and Loss Report. You will need to inform your accountant of this at year end, so he or she, may make the necessary Journal entries.
Recommendations:
Create a copy of your actual QuickBooks company data file and experiment with each of these methods to determine which is the right method for your company –and discuss this with your accountant so that they are aware of what you are doing!
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Retention or retainage is usually a specific percentage, for example 10%, of the total contract that is held back by the project owner in reserve to protect the owners interest. Retention is not held in a lump sum, but rather held at the stated percentage for the amount requested on each application for payment. Your contract should set the terms, including the percentage and when the hold-back will be paid.
Contractors using QuickBooks often run into difficulties when handling retainage/retention; simply because the software doesn’t have a means to automatically deal with it.
Because QuickBooks doesn’t have a built-in retention function, like many of the more expensive construction specific software program, QuickBooks users must initiate work-arounds and make QuickBooks track retainage that is held on each progress invoice.
Over the years, I’ve seen several work arounds that various contractors, their bookkeepers, and even their accountants have implemented, such as:
- Simply leaving the retention amount of each invoice sitting in their open A/R.
- Billing for just the amounts on each line item that they will be paid for.
- Creating a Customer called Retentions Receivable and then making some fancy Journal Entries each billing period to move the retainage from the originating customer to the Retentions Receivable customer.
- Using a QuickBooks Discount Item to deduct retainage on individual invoices and mapping it to the Chart of Accounts as either an Income Account or Expense Account.
- Creating an Other Current Asset Account, called Retainage (Retention) Receivable and through the use of “Items” automatically move the money to this account on each invoice that is generated.
- Creating a Sub-Account of Accounts Receivable called Retainage (Retention) Receivable and then through the use of Items and additional invoices move the retainage amounts into this newly created Accounts Receivable sub-account.
Each of these methods has their own drawbacks, however, the first three (4) methods described cause the most problems with the contractors accounting records and are methods that I highly recommend that you avoid.
The easiest method that I know of, is tracking Retainage as an Other Current Asset Account on your Chart of Accounts – Balance Sheet section; however, MUST get with your accountant and have him teach you to do a journal entry that will remove the amount from Income.
To implement this system:
- Add an Other Current Asset account to your Chart of Accounts called Retainage or Retention Receivable.
- Create an Other Charge OR Service item in your Item List called “Less Retainage”, map this to the account you created in Step 1, and in the Rate box enter -10.0%.
- Create another Other Charge or Service item in your Item List called “Retainage Due”, again mapping it to the account you created in Step 1.
- Make sure that you have a Subtotal item in your Item List.
- Create your Invoice or Progress Invoice billing for the full amount before any retainage is withheld. On the first blank line at the bottom of the Invoice, select your Subtotal item and then your Less Retainage item – the balance on the invoice that goes to A/R is now the amount after retainage, and the retainage dollars are moved to the Other Current Asset Account.
- You can generate Reports on the Retainage Receivable account showing who owes you what by going to your Chart of Accounts, click on the account created in Step 1 to highlight it, click the Report button at the bottom of the window and choosing QuickReport .
- When you are ready to bill for retainage, create a “normal or regular” invoice using the Retainage Due item and entering the appropriate dollar amount from the report.
As I stated earlier in this article, this is the easiest method – because it’s just adding two additional items to the bottom of your invoice and all the math and work is done for you; however, the amount of retainage that you deducted shows up in your Profit & Loss Report in your Income Account (even if you run the reports on a Cash Basis) which does require that a Journal Entry be created to remove this from your Income. You should consult your accountant for the proper entry.
ASA (American Subcontractors Association) of Arizona Shows Leadership in Securing Prompt Pay of Retainage & Final Payment.
(from Contractor Power Newsletter)
ALEXANDRIA, Va. — A new law (S.B. 1375) signed by Arizona Gov. Jan Brewer (R) on May 11, 2010, adds requirements for timely payment of retainage and final payments to the state’s prompt payment statute for construction. The law, supported by the American Subcontractors Association of Arizona and its allies representing a broad range of the state’s construction industry, establishes a payment cycle according to which non-residential project owners, prime contractors, and subcontractors normally will have to pay retainage and final payments for properly completed construction services and materials, or else pay a penalty of 1.5-percent interest per month.
The governor of Arizona has signed into law the most significant construction legislation improving subcontractor rights within the last 10 years, said ASA of Arizona President Jeff Banker, Banker Insulation Inc., Chandler, Ariz. ASA of Arizona was proud to have a leading role in helping shape the new law and the future of construction in Arizona.
The law, which applies to projects for which contracts, plans or specifications are distributed on or after Jan. 1, 2011, will require prime contractors to submit timely applications for payment according to the project’s billing cycle (normally 30 days). Unless stated otherwise in the construction plans, project owners will have to approve within 14 days, and pay within 7 days after that, proper invoices for retainage that subcontractors submit at substantial completion of their work. The law will also establish a 21-day cycle for project owners to pay prime contractors proper invoices for final payment. It will limit owners withholding of such payments to 150 percent of the reasonable costs to complete any work that is under dispute.
Prime contractors and subcontractors will have seven days from receipt of retainage and final payment to pay their subcontractors and material suppliers, except when reasons for withholding are detailed in a written notice. The law will entitle subcontractors to written notifications of retainage releases by owners once subcontractors request such notifications. It will specifically protect subcontractors from wrongful withholding for defective work or materials that are not their fault. Where subcontractors are not at fault, the law says, The Contractor shall nevertheless pay any subcontractor or material supplier … within 221 days after payment would otherwise have been made by the owner.
ASA of Arizona and its allies worked hard throughout this long legislative process to prevent damage to existing prompt payment rights and to enact these beneficial payment reforms, said ASA of Arizona Advocacy Chairman Richard Usher, Hill and Usher Insurance & Surety, Phoenix, Ariz. The volume of Arizona construction is down dramatically in all market segments, which makes protecting payment rights and getting paid promptly as important as ever to subcontractor prosperity and survival.
Founded in 1966, ASA amplifies the voice of, and leads, trade contractors to improve the business environment for the construction industry and to serve as a steward for the community. ASA’s vision is to be the united voice dedicated to improving the business environment in the construction industry. The ideals and beliefs of ASA are ethical and equitable business practices, quality construction, a safe and healthy work environment, and integrity and membership diversity.
ASA Contact: David Mendes
(703) 684-3450, Ext. 1335
dmendes@asa-hq.com
Tracking retainage is a common function of percentage-of-completion contract billing using AIA Forms G-702 & G-703. To learn more about AIA Billing and how to complete forms G-702/G-703, click here.
Congratulations, you have just picked up your first construction client!
As an Certified QuickBooks ProAdvisor, a “contractor” or a Bookkeeper/Office Manager has contacted you for a contractor because they need “help” with their QuickBooks file. The chances are good that you have completed one of the various “New Client Interviews” that are readily available, you arrive at the contractor’s office, and start to review their current QuickBooks setup only to find:
- A Chart of Accounts that is so long it could easily be considered a “book” OR one that is so short you wonder how they manage to keep accurate records.
- An Item List that is so long that it too could be considered a “book” OR one that consists of only a few items.
- A Payroll Item List that is so long that it too could be considered a “book” OR one that consists of only a few items
In the case of the Chart of Accounts, Item, and Payroll Item Lists feeling like “books” most ProAdvisors first thought is “oh what a mess, we need to clean this up!”
STOP!
This initial reaction may not be the best approach to dealing with a construction client, so let’s address some areas that most of the New Client Interviews I’ve ever seen – never take into consideration. Also, remember that your construction clients in-house management reporting needs do not, and probably will not, perfectly line up with financial-statement or tax return reporting requirements. However, you will find it worthwhile to help them retrieve the information that they desperately need – even if it means a bit more work from you or their Accountant on a periodic or year-end basis.
So, let’s talk about some of those questions that are not in the New Client Interviews, it is impossible to cover all of them, but you can certainly add these to your “list”:
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As you can see these questions will help you to zero in on their needs and you can then help them set up a QuickBooks file that will be a “workhorse” instead of one that “underperforms” and causes frustration.
QuickBooks will not automatically provide some of the solutions to the needs of contractors, for example: tracking Retainage, equipment costs, union or bona-fide plan fringe benefits – but properly setup QuickBooks “can be made” to do so; and of course, there are always third-party applications that will help with the “tough stuff”.
Now that you have some more information about the client’s needs – your first step should be to help them (and yourself) get organized by making a list of their needs! However, before you begin implementing new procedures – you should review their current QuickBooks file to make sure it will provide them with the desired results.
